The Present Perfect Tense - When to use
The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences. An example is "I have eaten" (so I'm not hungry). Depending on the specific language, the events described by present perfects are not necessarily completed, as in "I have been eating" or "I have lived here for five years."
The present perfect is a compound tense in English, as in many other languages, meaning that it is formed by combining an auxiliary verb with the main verb. For example, in modern English, it is formed by combining a present-tense form of the auxiliary verb "to have" with the past participle of the main verb. In the above example, "have" is the auxiliary verb, whereas the past participle "eaten" is the main verb. The two verbs are sometimes labeled "V1" and "V2" in grammar instruction.
Positif: S + have/has + V3
Negatif: S + have/sas Not + V3
Tanya: Have/has + S + V3
1.
We use the Present Perfect Tense to talk about experiences. It is important if we have done it in our lives or not. It is not important when we did it.
Examples
I have been abroad two times.
Anna has never broken a leg.
Have you ever eaten sushi?
Tip! We often use never and ever with the Present Perfect Tense to talk about experience.
2.
We use the Present Perfect Tense to talk about an action which started in the past and continuous up to now.
Examples
I have been a teacher for more than ten years.
We haven't seen Janine since Friday.
How long have you been at this school?
Tip! We often use since and for to say how long the action has lasted.
3.
We also use the Present Perfect Tense to talk about a past action that has the result in the present.
Examples
I have lost my wallet. = I don't have it now.
Jimmy has gone to South America. = He isn't here now.
Have you finished your homework? = Is your homework ready?
Tip! We often use just, already and yet with the Present Perfect Tense for an action in the past with the result in the present.
Kamis, 26 Mei 2011
Bluebird
Bluebird
Eastern bluebirds are known for their vibrant coloring and sweet songs.
Photograph by Richard Day/Animals Animals—Earth Scenes
Map
Bluebird Range
Audio
Fast Facts
Type:
Bird
Diet:
Omnivore
Average life span in the wild:
6 to 10 years
Size:
6.5 to 8.5 in (16.5 to 19 cm)
Weight:
0.84 to 1.09 oz (24 to 31 g)
Group name:
Flock
Size relative to a tea cup:
There are three species of these colorful North American birds. Eastern and western bluebirds have a reddish brown breast, which contrasts with their predominately blue plumage. Their relative, the (male) mountain bluebird is entirely blue.
Eastern bluebirds are primarily found east of the Rockies, and range from Canada to Mexico and Honduras. They are much admired for their lovely coloring and for a distinctive song that many hear as "chur-lee, chur-lee." The eastern bluebird is the state bird of both New York and Missouri.
Western bluebirds are found west of the Rocky Mountains from Canada to Mexico. The mountain bluebird also inhabits much of western North America—often at elevations above 7,000 feet (2,133 meters).
Bluebirds eat small fruits and hunt insects, spiders, and other creatures from above. The birds perch, watch, and then swoop to the ground to pounce on their prey.
Pairs mate in spring and summer, when they construct small, bowl-shaped nests. Females lay four or five eggs and incubate them for about two weeks. Young remain in the nest, cared for by both parents, for an additional 15 to 20 days. Bluebirds often have two broods in a season. Sometimes, a young bluebird from the first brood will remain in the nest and assist its parents in caring for the second.
Bluebirds living in higher latitudes may head south if food becomes scarce or temperatures too cold. Mountain bluebirds typically migrate to lower elevations during the same lean seasons.
Bluebirds are considered fairly common, but their numbers have declined substantially during the last century. Populations have been given a boost by the birdhouse boxes that have become popular in many parks and backyards.
Eastern bluebirds are known for their vibrant coloring and sweet songs.
Photograph by Richard Day/Animals Animals—Earth Scenes
Map
Bluebird Range
Audio
Fast Facts
Type:
Bird
Diet:
Omnivore
Average life span in the wild:
6 to 10 years
Size:
6.5 to 8.5 in (16.5 to 19 cm)
Weight:
0.84 to 1.09 oz (24 to 31 g)
Group name:
Flock
Size relative to a tea cup:
There are three species of these colorful North American birds. Eastern and western bluebirds have a reddish brown breast, which contrasts with their predominately blue plumage. Their relative, the (male) mountain bluebird is entirely blue.
Eastern bluebirds are primarily found east of the Rockies, and range from Canada to Mexico and Honduras. They are much admired for their lovely coloring and for a distinctive song that many hear as "chur-lee, chur-lee." The eastern bluebird is the state bird of both New York and Missouri.
Western bluebirds are found west of the Rocky Mountains from Canada to Mexico. The mountain bluebird also inhabits much of western North America—often at elevations above 7,000 feet (2,133 meters).
Bluebirds eat small fruits and hunt insects, spiders, and other creatures from above. The birds perch, watch, and then swoop to the ground to pounce on their prey.
Pairs mate in spring and summer, when they construct small, bowl-shaped nests. Females lay four or five eggs and incubate them for about two weeks. Young remain in the nest, cared for by both parents, for an additional 15 to 20 days. Bluebirds often have two broods in a season. Sometimes, a young bluebird from the first brood will remain in the nest and assist its parents in caring for the second.
Bluebirds living in higher latitudes may head south if food becomes scarce or temperatures too cold. Mountain bluebirds typically migrate to lower elevations during the same lean seasons.
Bluebirds are considered fairly common, but their numbers have declined substantially during the last century. Populations have been given a boost by the birdhouse boxes that have become popular in many parks and backyards.
CLEAN WATER
CLEAN WATER
People, when and wherever they are, cannot live without water. They need water for dringking, cooking, bathing, etc. They need it for their daily lives. A man should drink more or less five litters of water everyday.
Since water is very important both for domestic need as mentioned above, and industrial need, people should keep their environments and avoid them from pollution, esprcially that concerns with the source of clean water. If it is polluted, diseases are easy to attack people.
There are two sources of water. The first one is ground water. Which is usually clean, especially when the source is far from industrial centre. In villages, people dig wells everywhere to fulfill their daily needs of clean water. It is easy for them to live near a large forest of a jungle in order to get clean water. A dense forest or jungle with many roots and humus keeps and spings a lot of water needed by people.
In cities, it is more expensive to getground water because people should drill and set a pump. Sometimes, they run the risk of getting polluted water of the indusrial waste.
Surface water from a river, a lake or a damp is processed by a water company. It is a distributed to houses, factories, hotels, through long pipes.
People, when and wherever they are, cannot live without water. They need water for dringking, cooking, bathing, etc. They need it for their daily lives. A man should drink more or less five litters of water everyday.
Since water is very important both for domestic need as mentioned above, and industrial need, people should keep their environments and avoid them from pollution, esprcially that concerns with the source of clean water. If it is polluted, diseases are easy to attack people.
There are two sources of water. The first one is ground water. Which is usually clean, especially when the source is far from industrial centre. In villages, people dig wells everywhere to fulfill their daily needs of clean water. It is easy for them to live near a large forest of a jungle in order to get clean water. A dense forest or jungle with many roots and humus keeps and spings a lot of water needed by people.
In cities, it is more expensive to getground water because people should drill and set a pump. Sometimes, they run the risk of getting polluted water of the indusrial waste.
Surface water from a river, a lake or a damp is processed by a water company. It is a distributed to houses, factories, hotels, through long pipes.
TOURISM SPOTS
TOURISM SPOTS
During the last two decades of 20th century, Indonesian tourism was really a good business. A lot of foreigners from many countries find Indonesia as a very nice place to visit because there are many interesting places to enjoy such as Bali, Borobudur, Ancol, Yogyakarta Palace, Lake Toba, Mount Bromo, West Sumatra, etc.
Ancol, in North Jakarta, is very popular. It offers attractive entertainments such as dancing, music, animals show, beach, swimming pool, etc. Dufan display fantastic entertainments.
Tugu Monas (National Monument), at the center of Merdeka Square in Central Jakarta, is well-known. It is 137 meters high. On the top there is a special structure of fire flame which is made of alloy coated with pure gold of 35 kilogramme weight. The Indonesian stuggle and spirit of independence are symbolised by the flame. The picture of the Indonesian heroes are displayed at the base of the Monument.
Lake Toba is an interesting mountain resort with Samosir island in the middle. It is located in the center of he Bukit Barisan mountain range in North Sumatra.
Borobudur is a gigantic shrine of Buddhism in Central Java. It lies in north-west of Yogyakarta. It is also well-known as one of the seven world miracle.
Some people say that Bali is the heaven of the world because of its nice places to visit. The Balinese tradition is unique and interesting. Its culture is influenced by Balinese Hinduism. Balinese traditional customs is family and community life are influenced by the religion, Balinese Hinduism.
There are many small islands in Maluku with nice beaches. Magnificent underwater gardens can be found there. People can see great varieties of colour fishes through glass installed at the bottom of boats or by diving.
There are still many interesting places in Indonesia, such as Bogor Botanical Garden, Tangkuban Perahu creater, Parang Tritis beach, etc.
During the last two decades of 20th century, Indonesian tourism was really a good business. A lot of foreigners from many countries find Indonesia as a very nice place to visit because there are many interesting places to enjoy such as Bali, Borobudur, Ancol, Yogyakarta Palace, Lake Toba, Mount Bromo, West Sumatra, etc.
Ancol, in North Jakarta, is very popular. It offers attractive entertainments such as dancing, music, animals show, beach, swimming pool, etc. Dufan display fantastic entertainments.
Tugu Monas (National Monument), at the center of Merdeka Square in Central Jakarta, is well-known. It is 137 meters high. On the top there is a special structure of fire flame which is made of alloy coated with pure gold of 35 kilogramme weight. The Indonesian stuggle and spirit of independence are symbolised by the flame. The picture of the Indonesian heroes are displayed at the base of the Monument.
Lake Toba is an interesting mountain resort with Samosir island in the middle. It is located in the center of he Bukit Barisan mountain range in North Sumatra.
Borobudur is a gigantic shrine of Buddhism in Central Java. It lies in north-west of Yogyakarta. It is also well-known as one of the seven world miracle.
Some people say that Bali is the heaven of the world because of its nice places to visit. The Balinese tradition is unique and interesting. Its culture is influenced by Balinese Hinduism. Balinese traditional customs is family and community life are influenced by the religion, Balinese Hinduism.
There are many small islands in Maluku with nice beaches. Magnificent underwater gardens can be found there. People can see great varieties of colour fishes through glass installed at the bottom of boats or by diving.
There are still many interesting places in Indonesia, such as Bogor Botanical Garden, Tangkuban Perahu creater, Parang Tritis beach, etc.
TELEVISION
TELEVISION
Not only citizens but also villagers today have television set. When we visit villages, there are only few homes that do not have it. Television has become an assential part of our daily life. It informs the current news of the day, domestically and internationally. Many important events are reported to the nations a few seconds after they happen such as traffic accident, riot, fire, flood, etc.
Television also entertains us with songs, dancer, films and magic shows. The great events like sports, festivals and traditional ceremonies and performance include its programme. Television entertains the children, women and people from walks of life.
As a major instrument of communication, television permits us to speak with the performenrs from distance. As audience, we can send messages and report anything happens directly. In addition, we can debate with the presenter about something we disagree. The debate programme seems to be one of favorite programme that audience like.
It is obvious that teleision programme favours the audience from children to old people. But indirectly, it makes some people including children become lazy. They can sit in front of television for hours and forget to do their work. Children will have no more time to study, and as a result, they fail their tests. In this case, audience must be wise and selective when they watch television.
It is possible that television was invented in 1900s, when people learened how to send comminication signal through the air as electro magnetic waves and take pictures in the dark. It is a pity that no one can be called the inventor of television because many scientists contributed to the delelopment of television. Now, the improvement of television is going on, so that the reception will be as perfect as possible.
Not only citizens but also villagers today have television set. When we visit villages, there are only few homes that do not have it. Television has become an assential part of our daily life. It informs the current news of the day, domestically and internationally. Many important events are reported to the nations a few seconds after they happen such as traffic accident, riot, fire, flood, etc.
Television also entertains us with songs, dancer, films and magic shows. The great events like sports, festivals and traditional ceremonies and performance include its programme. Television entertains the children, women and people from walks of life.
As a major instrument of communication, television permits us to speak with the performenrs from distance. As audience, we can send messages and report anything happens directly. In addition, we can debate with the presenter about something we disagree. The debate programme seems to be one of favorite programme that audience like.
It is obvious that teleision programme favours the audience from children to old people. But indirectly, it makes some people including children become lazy. They can sit in front of television for hours and forget to do their work. Children will have no more time to study, and as a result, they fail their tests. In this case, audience must be wise and selective when they watch television.
It is possible that television was invented in 1900s, when people learened how to send comminication signal through the air as electro magnetic waves and take pictures in the dark. It is a pity that no one can be called the inventor of television because many scientists contributed to the delelopment of television. Now, the improvement of television is going on, so that the reception will be as perfect as possible.
PROMOTING TOURIST RESORTS
PROMOTING TOURIST RESORTS
There are many tourist resorts in Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi , Kalimantan, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara and Papua but only some of them are known by some of the Indonesian people. Take foe example, most of Javanese people do not know tourist resorts in Kalimantan. One of the reasons is the lake of promotion.
Promoting tourism is important because both domestic and foreign tourists really need it. Information about travel agency and means of transportation is also needed by most foreign tourists because it will be help-ful when they visit Indonesia.
Various ways to promote Indonesia tourist resorts and done to attract foreigners to visit Indonesia. Information written in newspapers, magazines, books and brochures about the resorts should be spread out through the Indonesian abroad.
Promotion through electronic media such as radio and television must also be done to cpmplete it. By watching Indonesian tourist resorts, traditional dancing, songs and other culture shown on television is expected to ettract more foreigners to visit Indonesia.
Culture exchange programme is also done to give more information about Indonesia to foreigners because the promoters sent abroad have to be prepared to achieve the main goal the increasing of visitors.
Better service and fasilities for foreign visitors will satisfy them. This kind of service is useful for them to attract their friends or relatives to visit Inonesia next time.
There are many tourist resorts in Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi , Kalimantan, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara and Papua but only some of them are known by some of the Indonesian people. Take foe example, most of Javanese people do not know tourist resorts in Kalimantan. One of the reasons is the lake of promotion.
Promoting tourism is important because both domestic and foreign tourists really need it. Information about travel agency and means of transportation is also needed by most foreign tourists because it will be help-ful when they visit Indonesia.
Various ways to promote Indonesia tourist resorts and done to attract foreigners to visit Indonesia. Information written in newspapers, magazines, books and brochures about the resorts should be spread out through the Indonesian abroad.
Promotion through electronic media such as radio and television must also be done to cpmplete it. By watching Indonesian tourist resorts, traditional dancing, songs and other culture shown on television is expected to ettract more foreigners to visit Indonesia.
Culture exchange programme is also done to give more information about Indonesia to foreigners because the promoters sent abroad have to be prepared to achieve the main goal the increasing of visitors.
Better service and fasilities for foreign visitors will satisfy them. This kind of service is useful for them to attract their friends or relatives to visit Inonesia next time.
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH
One of the precious things we need is being healthy both physically and mentally, but let us think of the following description.
Many people have a habit of tobacco smoking, althogh they know that smoking is harmful. Smoking can cause cancer, they very dangerous disease. Many smokers have been smoking since they were very young. According to doctors, smoking is the gate into drugs abuse.
People, mostly youngsters, who abuse the drugs will gardually become drug addicts. They use narcotics for a long time. The narcotics are normally used to reduce anxiety, worry, fear and pain and to induce sleep. Finally, many of the drug users died of the ovwrdose use.
Usually, ones who abuse the drugs also drink alcohol. They drink alcohol for years, and it seems that they will not stop their bad habit, because they have been becoming alcoholics or alcohol addicts. These users have been trying to run away from their problems, disappointments and sorrows.
If smoking cigarettes may cause physical disease, abusing drugsand dringking alcohol will cause mental deficiency. Many of the drug and alcohol addicts have been treated seriously because of their serious problems. One thing that we must keep in mind is that we may be the ones who want to try smoking cigaretteS, drinking alcohol and abusing drugs. Whether or not we start to do this is a very important decision.
The other ways of keeping health physically are eating nutritious food, exercising, enought resting and practising good cleanliness habit. We must keep our health for the sake of our future.
One of the precious things we need is being healthy both physically and mentally, but let us think of the following description.
Many people have a habit of tobacco smoking, althogh they know that smoking is harmful. Smoking can cause cancer, they very dangerous disease. Many smokers have been smoking since they were very young. According to doctors, smoking is the gate into drugs abuse.
People, mostly youngsters, who abuse the drugs will gardually become drug addicts. They use narcotics for a long time. The narcotics are normally used to reduce anxiety, worry, fear and pain and to induce sleep. Finally, many of the drug users died of the ovwrdose use.
Usually, ones who abuse the drugs also drink alcohol. They drink alcohol for years, and it seems that they will not stop their bad habit, because they have been becoming alcoholics or alcohol addicts. These users have been trying to run away from their problems, disappointments and sorrows.
If smoking cigarettes may cause physical disease, abusing drugsand dringking alcohol will cause mental deficiency. Many of the drug and alcohol addicts have been treated seriously because of their serious problems. One thing that we must keep in mind is that we may be the ones who want to try smoking cigaretteS, drinking alcohol and abusing drugs. Whether or not we start to do this is a very important decision.
The other ways of keeping health physically are eating nutritious food, exercising, enought resting and practising good cleanliness habit. We must keep our health for the sake of our future.
OLYMPIC GAMES
OLYMPIC GAMES
776 BC is belived as the founding of Olympic Games which took place at Greece. Modern Olympic Games was proposed by Baron Pierre Coubertin of France in 1892. He became the first secretary general of the first foundation.
The modern Games was held for the first time in Athens in 1896. There were 311 athletes from 13 countries who took part in the competition. The Olympic Games becomes the peak of all sports activities in the world. It is held every four years.
When the Olympic Games was held for the first time, only two kind of medals were awarded to the winners. The first winner got a silver medal and the second winner or the runner up got a bronze medal. Beside, the first winner also received a crown of olive branches and the runner up a lauren crown. The first Olympic Games was only held for male athletes and only nine branches of sports were competed.
In 1908 when the Games were held in London, gold medal, for the first time was awarded for the first winner, silver for the second and bronze for the third winner.
Since the renewal of the Modern Games, Olympic Games in Stockholm, Sweden, was the most succesful. Jim Thorpe was very popular. Even King Gustav V called him “the greatest athlete in the world”. He was an American athlete who won both decathlon and pentathlon. Unfortunately, his medals were taken back because he had been a professional. His performances were stricken from the record bookS. In 1982, however, the 10C pardoned him officially and him medals were presented to his family.
Because of the World War II, Olympic Games was cancelled. In 1952, the Soviet Union joined the Olympic Games for the firts time. Emil and Dana Zatopec from Czechoslovakia were the stars. Emil won the marathon, the 5.000 and 10.000 – metre reces, while Dana got a gold medal for the javelin.
Asian countries joined the Olympic Games in 1964, and Tokyo, Japan was the host.
776 BC is belived as the founding of Olympic Games which took place at Greece. Modern Olympic Games was proposed by Baron Pierre Coubertin of France in 1892. He became the first secretary general of the first foundation.
The modern Games was held for the first time in Athens in 1896. There were 311 athletes from 13 countries who took part in the competition. The Olympic Games becomes the peak of all sports activities in the world. It is held every four years.
When the Olympic Games was held for the first time, only two kind of medals were awarded to the winners. The first winner got a silver medal and the second winner or the runner up got a bronze medal. Beside, the first winner also received a crown of olive branches and the runner up a lauren crown. The first Olympic Games was only held for male athletes and only nine branches of sports were competed.
In 1908 when the Games were held in London, gold medal, for the first time was awarded for the first winner, silver for the second and bronze for the third winner.
Since the renewal of the Modern Games, Olympic Games in Stockholm, Sweden, was the most succesful. Jim Thorpe was very popular. Even King Gustav V called him “the greatest athlete in the world”. He was an American athlete who won both decathlon and pentathlon. Unfortunately, his medals were taken back because he had been a professional. His performances were stricken from the record bookS. In 1982, however, the 10C pardoned him officially and him medals were presented to his family.
Because of the World War II, Olympic Games was cancelled. In 1952, the Soviet Union joined the Olympic Games for the firts time. Emil and Dana Zatopec from Czechoslovakia were the stars. Emil won the marathon, the 5.000 and 10.000 – metre reces, while Dana got a gold medal for the javelin.
Asian countries joined the Olympic Games in 1964, and Tokyo, Japan was the host.
OBJECT IN SPACE
OBJECT IN SPACE
When we cock our head and watch the sky, what we see is boundless sky. At day time, the sun shines so brightly that we may not watch it directly whitout using special equipment because it can cause blindness. At night, we can see the moon which sometimes has the shape of crescent, half, gibbous and full. Thousands of stars can be seen easily at night without a telescope. There are five planets that can be seen whitout a telescope, they are Venus, Jupiter, Mars, Saturn and Mercury.
The moon that reflects the shine of the sun is the brightest body at night. It makes most objects on earth easily seen. Beside the moon, stars can also be seen at night.
Both American and Russian astronomers have observed objects in space for a long time. In observing the moon, they sent astronauts, for example, Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. from United States, landed on the surface of the moon for the first time on July 20, 1969. Yuri A. Gagarin from the Soviet Union rocketed into orbit in the Vostok 1 Spacecraft on April 12, 1961. He made on orbit of the earth. John H. Glenn, Jr. orbitted the earth three times on February 20, 1962.
One of the objects in space is comet. It is a ball of ice and dust which follows the orbit around the sun. When it comes near the sun, it is brightly seen by the naked eyes from the earth. Ussualy it has a long bright tall.
Meteor which is usually known as a fallinf star or a shooting star can be clearly seen at night. It is lucky for people who stay along the equator because they can see all stars in the sky. For people who stay at the North Pole never see stars of the southern part of the sky, and for those who travel to the South Pole never see stars of the nouthern part of the sky.
When we cock our head and watch the sky, what we see is boundless sky. At day time, the sun shines so brightly that we may not watch it directly whitout using special equipment because it can cause blindness. At night, we can see the moon which sometimes has the shape of crescent, half, gibbous and full. Thousands of stars can be seen easily at night without a telescope. There are five planets that can be seen whitout a telescope, they are Venus, Jupiter, Mars, Saturn and Mercury.
The moon that reflects the shine of the sun is the brightest body at night. It makes most objects on earth easily seen. Beside the moon, stars can also be seen at night.
Both American and Russian astronomers have observed objects in space for a long time. In observing the moon, they sent astronauts, for example, Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. from United States, landed on the surface of the moon for the first time on July 20, 1969. Yuri A. Gagarin from the Soviet Union rocketed into orbit in the Vostok 1 Spacecraft on April 12, 1961. He made on orbit of the earth. John H. Glenn, Jr. orbitted the earth three times on February 20, 1962.
One of the objects in space is comet. It is a ball of ice and dust which follows the orbit around the sun. When it comes near the sun, it is brightly seen by the naked eyes from the earth. Ussualy it has a long bright tall.
Meteor which is usually known as a fallinf star or a shooting star can be clearly seen at night. It is lucky for people who stay along the equator because they can see all stars in the sky. For people who stay at the North Pole never see stars of the southern part of the sky, and for those who travel to the South Pole never see stars of the nouthern part of the sky.
NEWSPAPER
NEWSPAPER
More and more people nowadays read newspaper because by reding newspeper they will get much information and increase their knowledge. Generally, people read the newspaper before working in the morning, they begin their day by reading it as a need. They will feel thwt something wrong when they forget to do it. Unfortunately, not many teenagers who have a habit of reading newspaper. Maybe they spend their time for only studying teir lessons.
People read newspaper according to their interest. Some read it for business, some for politics while the others for fun. That is why the newspaper companies provedes columns for businessmen, politicians, economists, sportmen, scientists, etc. They also provide columns for anyone who wants to sell, buy or rent something. This column is for advertising business. As the competition of attracting readers becemes high, the companies publich their paper more and more attractive. They sell their paper at low price but colourful pages. Besides, they also improve the quality.
In big cities, people can find the papers more easly then those who live in rural areas, because they are sold in many places such as a book store, a stall or somewhere else by street vendors. Readers can also subscribe the paper. In this way, they will get the paper quikly. They may subscribe the morning paper, the evening paper or both.
Newspaper plays an important role on nation building and national development. By reading newspaper, the readers know what happens here and there. They may engage in polemics. They may control the government or the high officials when they don’t fulfill their duties. They can learn the others nation’s success in politics, economy, social, culture and religion. They can learn how to live side by side, help one another among the poor and the haves, show mutual respect among the different reigion believers, etc. In short, people can learn how to live peacefully.
More and more people nowadays read newspaper because by reding newspeper they will get much information and increase their knowledge. Generally, people read the newspaper before working in the morning, they begin their day by reading it as a need. They will feel thwt something wrong when they forget to do it. Unfortunately, not many teenagers who have a habit of reading newspaper. Maybe they spend their time for only studying teir lessons.
People read newspaper according to their interest. Some read it for business, some for politics while the others for fun. That is why the newspaper companies provedes columns for businessmen, politicians, economists, sportmen, scientists, etc. They also provide columns for anyone who wants to sell, buy or rent something. This column is for advertising business. As the competition of attracting readers becemes high, the companies publich their paper more and more attractive. They sell their paper at low price but colourful pages. Besides, they also improve the quality.
In big cities, people can find the papers more easly then those who live in rural areas, because they are sold in many places such as a book store, a stall or somewhere else by street vendors. Readers can also subscribe the paper. In this way, they will get the paper quikly. They may subscribe the morning paper, the evening paper or both.
Newspaper plays an important role on nation building and national development. By reading newspaper, the readers know what happens here and there. They may engage in polemics. They may control the government or the high officials when they don’t fulfill their duties. They can learn the others nation’s success in politics, economy, social, culture and religion. They can learn how to live side by side, help one another among the poor and the haves, show mutual respect among the different reigion believers, etc. In short, people can learn how to live peacefully.
NATIONAL GAMES
NATIONAL GAMES
National Games was held for the first time in Solo, Central Java in 1948. There were only several kinds of sports played at the time. Its purpose was not merely for sports but also politics.
The political purpose in the Games was getting acknowledgement of Indonesia existence and independence. The other purpose concerned with physical and emotional health and the unity of the naton.
For decades, the National Games was held every four years, but today, it’s held every two years. The Games is the peak of sport activities in Indonesia. There are many kinds of sports played, such as football, table tennis, tennis, vollyball, golf, basketball, bowling, sailing, swimming, water polo, rowing, canoeing, horse riding, yudo, karate, pencak silat, athletics, boxing, badminton, shooting, etc.
Athletes from all provinces in Indonesia take part. They fight hard for medals as many as possible. The contingents with the most gold medals will be the champion. They should play as fair as possible and perform their test.
The Games gives great enjoyment for sport lovers. They can watch the competition indoors, outdoors or on television or even have its information from radio.
National Games was held for the first time in Solo, Central Java in 1948. There were only several kinds of sports played at the time. Its purpose was not merely for sports but also politics.
The political purpose in the Games was getting acknowledgement of Indonesia existence and independence. The other purpose concerned with physical and emotional health and the unity of the naton.
For decades, the National Games was held every four years, but today, it’s held every two years. The Games is the peak of sport activities in Indonesia. There are many kinds of sports played, such as football, table tennis, tennis, vollyball, golf, basketball, bowling, sailing, swimming, water polo, rowing, canoeing, horse riding, yudo, karate, pencak silat, athletics, boxing, badminton, shooting, etc.
Athletes from all provinces in Indonesia take part. They fight hard for medals as many as possible. The contingents with the most gold medals will be the champion. They should play as fair as possible and perform their test.
The Games gives great enjoyment for sport lovers. They can watch the competition indoors, outdoors or on television or even have its information from radio.
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